Design and Optimization of Residential Drainage Using Gumbel Distribution and Rational Method: A Case Study in Pontianak, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64780/jeims.v1i2.9Keywords:
Flood Risk Mitigation; Gumbel Distribution; Hydrological Modeling; Urban DrainageAbstract
Urban residential areas in tropical regions are increasingly exposed to surface water accumulation and localized flooding due to insufficient drainage capacity and unplanned land-use expansion. This study aims to redesign and optimize residential drainage systems to enhance flood mitigation in the Grand Silva Resident complex, Pontianak, Indonesia. A rigorous hydrological assessment was performed using 12 years of daily maximum rainfall data (2011–2022) collected from the Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency (BMKG). The Gumbel probability distribution was applied to estimate rainfall frequency, while the Mononobe equation determined rainfall intensity. The Rational Method was utilized to calculate the design discharge by incorporating both runoff from precipitation and domestic wastewater contributions. Findings indicate that the current drainage infrastructure, with an average capacity of 0.0154 m³/s, fails to accommodate peak discharge events, resulting in recurrent inundation. The optimized design proposes a planned discharge (Qrencana) of 0.1956 m³/s and recommends the implementation of rectangular drainage channels with a width of 0.51 m, water depth of 0.26 m, and a freeboard height of 0.36 m. This study contributes a methodological framework for sustainable urban drainage design, providing actionable insights for policymakers, engineers, and urban planners in developing resilient infrastructure and mitigating flood risks in tropical residential settings.
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